Trauma · Interactive 3D

Proximal femur

The proximal femur: the femoral head, neck, greater and lesser trochanters and the upper shaft — the landmarks used to classify hip fractures and plan their fixation.

Interactive — drag to rotate

AI-assisted model. Labels checked against standard anatomy references; specialist review pending.

What to look at

1The neck meets the shaft at about 125–135° (the neck–shaft angle) and is anteverted by about 10–15° relative to the knee.
2Intracapsular fractures are of the head and neck within the capsule; extracapsular fractures run between or below the trochanters.
3The lesser trochanter sits posteromedially below the neck; the subtrochanteric zone extends about 5 cm below it, an area of high bending stress.
4The greater trochanter is the insertion of gluteus medius and minimus and the entry point for many cephalomedullary nails.

Hotspots

1Femoral head — About two-thirds of a sphere, covered in articular cartilage except at the fovea.
2Femoral neck — Joins head to shaft at a neck–shaft angle of about 125–135°; intracapsular fractures occur here.
3Greater trochanter — Insertion of gluteus medius and minimus.
4Lesser trochanter — Insertion of iliopsoas; a displaced lesser trochanter fragment makes an intertrochanteric fracture unstable.
5Femoral shaft — The subtrochanteric region begins below the lesser trochanter.

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